The Ultimate Fabric Dictionary: 400+ Fabric Types Explained

The most common fabrics — cotton, polyester, and wool — are probably already familiar to you. But did you know there are hundreds of other fabric types out there?

Fabric is made from natural or synthetic fibers that are twisted into threads, then woven, knit, or fused together. Add in the endless combinations of weave structures, dyes, and treatments, and the textile world becomes almost impossibly vast.

I built this Fabric Dictionary to be as comprehensive as possible. It currently includes more than 400 fabric types with definitions. Bookmark this page so you always have a reference when you come across an unfamiliar fabric name!

A

Aba A natural fabric woven from camel or goat hair. Used in traditional Middle Eastern clothing.

Abaca A natural, hemp-like fiber from the Philippines, extracted from the stem of the abaca plant (a close relative of the banana plant). Also called "manila hemp." Durable, flexible, and resistant to saltwater damage. Used in rope, hammocks, rugs, and cordage.

Acetate A synthetic fiber created from cotton filaments or wood pulp combined with acetic acid. Lightweight, soft, shiny, crisp, breathable, and static-resistant. Delicate and dry clean only. Does not retain heat well. Used in drapery, evening wear, linings, and lingerie.

Acrilan (Trademarked) A synthetic acrylic fabric (also called polypropenonitrile) created through a chemical reaction involving acrylonitrile, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. Soft, strong, and crease resistant.

Acrylic A synthetic fabric made by polymerization of acrylonitrile and other monomers. Lightweight, soft, quick drying, and machine washable. Mimics the look of wool. Tends to carry static and pill easily, but is a more affordable alternative to cashmere. Used in winter wear, sportswear, carpet, and faux fur.

Aerophane A natural fabric made from a now-extinct silkworm. Semitransparent, thin, and crisp. Historically used to create three-dimensional ornamentation on dress trimmings.

Aertex (Trademarked) A synthetic fabric engineered by trapping air within the warp and weft to create a thermal barrier. A famous lightweight fabric in England, used mainly in sportswear and underwear.

Agneline A woolen fabric with a long nap. Typically black, coarse, and heavy. The fibers become water resistant when stretched tight.

Agilon (Trademarked) A synthetic nylon fabric made from elasticized thermoplastic filament. Strong, durable, and easy to care for. Historically used in vintage hosiery for its stretch.

Aida Cloth A stiff, open weave fabric used for needlework, particularly cross stitch. Typically constructed in a basket weave.

Airguard (Trademarked) A synthetic fabric made from polyamide hollow fibers. Highly tear resistant, heat insulating, and water and wind resistant. Used in motorcycle garments.

Alaskine (Trademarked) A blended natural fabric made from 65% wool and 35% silk (wool in the weft, silk in the warp). Historically used in suits, dresses, and formalwear. Found only in vintage garments today.

Albatross A plain weave fabric with a soft, fleece-like texture resembling the down feathers of an albatross. Typically white.

Albert Cloth A double-sided woolen fabric named after Prince Albert. Used in outerwear, particularly double-breasted overcoats.

Alençon Lace A needlepoint lace designed on a net-like base and trimmed with cording, pearls, sequins, and beads. Heavy, detailed ornamentation. Used in bridal veils and formalwear.

Alepine An obsolete fabric made from a mix of wool and silk, or mohair and cotton.

Alginic A natural fiber produced from seaweed. Sometimes used as an additive for waterproofing and fireproofing. Used in camouflage and netting.

Alpaca A natural fiber harvested from the alpaca animal. Soft, fine, silky, warm, durable, and naturally elastic. Hypoallergenic and water repellent, but requires dry cleaning and pills easily. Used primarily in outerwear.

Amara A synthetic fabric made of 60% polyamide and 40% polyurethane that mimics leather while remaining waterproof, soft, and comfortable. Used in motocross gloves.

Angora A natural fiber harvested from long-haired Angora rabbits. Soft, fluffy, warm, and lightweight. Used in suiting and outerwear.

Anidex A synthetic fiber composed of monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid. Good stretch and resists fading from sunlight, oxidation, and chlorine bleach. Used in outerwear and sportswear.

Antique Satin A reversible satin fabric with a matte finish on one side and a shiny finish on the other. Drapes beautifully. Used in formalwear.

Antron (Trademarked) A dense nylon fiber used in carpet manufacturing. Resists stain absorption and extends carpet life.

Aramid A synthetic fiber with heat-resistant polymers and extraordinary strength. Used in military and aerospace applications.

Ardas A fine silk fabric.

Argentan Lace A needlepoint lace similar to Alençon Lace, with tightly stitched designs and intricate detailing. Used in bridal veils and eveningwear.

Armure A twilled, woolen or silk fabric with an embossed surface. Used in eveningwear.

Arrasene An embroidery fabric made from wool and silk.

Art Linen A plain, evenly woven linen that is crisp and well-suited to embroidery.

Astrakhan A natural fiber harvested from the karakul lamb. A rare, woven or knitted fabric. Used in eveningwear and trim.

Atlas A rich satin fabric.

B

Baft (Baffetta) An inexpensive, coarse cotton fabric similar to muslin. Typically blue or white.

Bagging A coarse fabric used to make bags and sacks.

Bagheera Velvet An uncut pile velvet with a rough, textured surface.

Baize A coarse, napped cotton or wool fabric. Commonly green and used to cover gaming tables.

Balbriggan A lightweight knitted cotton fabric similar to jersey. Smooth, soft, and comfortable. Used in hosiery, sportswear, and nightwear.

Ballistic (Trademarked) A synthetic nylon fabric with an even weave. Extremely thick and durable. Used in luggage.

Balzarine A lightweight blended fabric made from cotton and wool (cotton warp, worsted weft). Used in summer dresses.

Bamboo A natural fiber harvested from the bamboo plant. Porous, absorbent, breathable, durable, and ecofriendly. Used in clothing, linens, and upholstery.

Ban-Lon (Trademarked) A synthetic yarn with greater bulk than traditional yarn. Used in retail clothing.

Banana Silk A natural fiber harvested from banana stalks. Thick, coarse, absorbent, biodegradable, and has a satin-like appearance. Used in upholstery, drapes, and some clothing.

Barathea A blended fabric woven from acetate, cotton, rayon, silk, or wool in a hopsack pattern. Durable with a granular, pebbly texture. Used in jackets and outerwear.

Barege A lightweight sheer fabric in plain weave, generally made from silk or cotton.

Barkcloth A 100% cotton fabric with a slight texture that resembles tree bark. Used in outerwear and home furnishings.

Batiste A strong but sheer fabric made from cotton, polyester, wool, or blends in a plain weave. Delicate but drapes well. Used in shirts, dresses, and linings.

Batting (Batt) Carded cotton or wool that comes in sheets or rolls. Used as filling in quilts and for stuffing.

Battenberg Lace A manufactured lace made using mechanical tape. Used in home décor and as embellishment.

Beaver Cloth A double-sided fabric made from wool with varying nap length. Resembles the silky appearance of beaver fur. Used in hats and outerwear.

Bedford Cord A strong, ribbed natural fabric made from cotton, silk, wool, or blends. Resembles corduroy in appearance. Used in upholstery, pants, and outerwear.

Bemberg (Trademarked) A soft, silky rayon lining fabric that is translucent, absorbs moisture, and doesn't pill. Used in garment linings.

Bengaline A natural fabric made from silk, sometimes blended with cotton, acetate, viscose, or worsted. Strong with heavy weft-wise ribs. Used in suits, drapes, and outerwear.

Beta Cloth A Teflon-coated woven glass fabric that is durable and fireproof. Used in insulated blankets and aerospace applications.

Bicast Leather (PU) Split leather embossed with a thick layer of polyurethane. Easy to clean. Used in upholstery.

Bipolished Cotton A cotton fabric treated with an enzyme that removes the roughness of protruding yarns, creating an exceptionally soft finish.

Blanket Cloth A heavyweight, napped fabric. Used in outerwear.

Blends Fabrics made by combining two or more different fiber types to create a new fabric that takes on the unique properties of each.

Bobbinet A manufactured cotton lace made on a bobbinet frame. Used in tulle applications for eveningwear and dancewear.

Bobbin Lace A twisted and braided lace made with many threads. Typically coarse and can be made from natural or synthetic fibers.

Bogolanfini A handmade cotton fabric also known as "Mud Cloth." Used in camouflage and ritual clothing in Malian culture.

Boiled Wool A thick, dense, nearly waterproof fabric. Heavy and used in outerwear.

Bombazine A twilled or corded fabric made from cotton or worsted wool. Used for dresses.

Bonded Fabric A non-woven fabric where fibers are glued or fused together. Typically weak with little elasticity. Used in upholstery, crafts, and linings.

Bonded Leather A fabric created from leather fibers bonded with polyurethane. A more affordable alternative to genuine leather.

Boning A flexible plastic, nylon, or metal material used to provide structure. Available in flat and spiral forms. Used in corsets, lingerie, and strapless dresses.

Bouclé A fancy yarn with a rough, looped texture formed by twisting yarns together at regular intervals. Used in coats and decorative pieces.

Brilliantine A fine, lustrous fabric with a cotton warp and worsted mohair weft. Known for its dust-shedding properties and lighter weight than alpaca.

Broadcloth A tightly woven wool or cotton fabric with a velvety nap and plain weave.

Brocade A decorative jacquard weave fabric with an embossed texture, typically featuring floral designs. Woven from silk, cotton, or polyester, often embellished with beads, sequins, and metallic thread. Used in eveningwear.

Brocatelle A double-woven fabric similar to brocade with a slightly embossed, puffed surface. Used in upholstery and outerwear.

Broderie Anglaise A cotton fabric covered with eyelet embroidery.

Buckram A stiff linen or cotton fabric in plain weave, stiffened with gum, latex, or starch. Used in book bindings and bags.

Bump A loosely woven, heavyweight cotton blend fabric. Used as a lining and stabilizer.

Burlap A coarse, plain weave fabric made from hemp, flax, jute, or kenaf. Lightweight, durable, and inexpensive. Used for bags, sacks, and upholstery.

C

Calico An inexpensive cotton fabric in plain weave with some starch content and minimal finishing. Traditionally features a small, busy floral print. Soft and drapes well. Used in linings and quilts.

Cambric A high-quality plain weave fabric made from cotton or linen. Lightweight, tightly woven, and glossy on one side. Used in shirts, dresses, and other apparel.

Camel Hair A natural fiber harvested from the hair of Bactrian camels. Used in suits and outerwear.

Camlet A woven fabric made from silk or camel hair.

Candlewick Fabric An unbleached muslin fabric with a chenille pile effect. Used in bedding.

Canton Crepe A soft crepe fabric woven with small crosswise ribs. Heavier than Crepe de Chine.

Canton Flannel (Cotton Flannel) A medium-weight, loosely woven cotton that is brushed to create a long nap. Strong, warm, and absorbent. Used in sleepwear and outerwear.

Canvas A strong, heavyweight fabric made from cotton, jute, linen, or hemp with a plain weave. Usually left unbleached. Can be treated to be water resistant and fire retardant. Used in bags, tents, and crafts.

Capilene (Trademarked) A fast-drying polyester fabric with moisture-wicking properties. Used in swimwear and outerwear.

Carpet Backing Cloth (CBC) A jute fabric with a plain, open weave that adds dimension to carpets. Rot and mildew resistant.

Casement A plain weave fabric used for casement window curtains. Typically white or cream colored.

Cashgora A fabric made by blending Cashmere goat fibers with Angora goat fibers. Soft, warm, and used in outerwear.

Cashmere A natural wool fiber from the fine undercoat of the Kel goat. Extremely soft and expensive. Reserved for high-end garments.

Cashmerlon A soft acrylic fabric that mimics the feel of cashmere. Machine washable. Used in outerwear.

Cavalry Twill A strong, rugged fabric with pronounced narrow and wide wale.

Ceraspace (Trademarked) A synthetic fabric with extreme abrasion and heat resistance. Does not melt. Used in textiles exposed to extreme heat.

Chainmail A fabric made from interlocking metal loops. Lightweight and easy to drape.

Challis A plain weave fabric made from cotton, wool, viscose, or synthetic blends. Soft, lightweight, smooth, and semitransparent. Used in eveningwear and sportswear.

Chambray A lightweight fabric made from cotton or linen with a plain weave. Features a white weft thread interwoven with a colored warp to create a striped or checked effect. Used in shirts, dresses, and casual apparel.

Chamois A soft, pliable, absorbent leather harvested from the Chamois animal. Used in gloves and sometimes upholstery.

Chantilly Lace A shadowy bobbin lace made of silk with fine details. Typically black and prone to snagging. Used in eveningwear.

Char Cloth A fabric made from vegetable fiber. Slow burning and easy to ignite.

Charmeuse A natural silk fabric with a satin weave. The right side is shiny; the back has a flat crepe appearance. Lightweight and used in eveningwear.

Charvet A silk or synthetic fabric with ribs woven through the warp, creating a distinctive texture and high luster. Soft with good drape. Used in shirting and eveningwear.

Cheesecloth A lightweight gauze fabric made from cotton in a plain weave. Originally used to wrap and press cheese. Can be used in shirts and other apparel.

Chenille A fabric with a pile that resembles a furry caterpillar, made from silk or wool. Drapes well and is incredibly soft. Used in outerwear and crafts.

Chiffon A thin, semitransparent plain weave fabric made from silk. Used in scarves, shirts, and eveningwear.

China Silk A lightweight, inexpensive silk fabric. Soft and used mainly in dancewear.

Chinchilla Cloth A natural fiber from the dense fur of chinchilla animals, also mimicked by synthetic versions. Available in medium and heavy weights.

Chino A sturdy cotton blend with a twill weave and subtle sheen. Typically khaki or tan. Used in uniforms, sportswear, and pants.

Chintz A cotton blend fabric in plain weave, treated with starch for a lustrous finish. Usually printed with colorful designs. Used in dresses and outerwear.

Chire A nylon fabric with a taffeta-like shiny surface.

Cirè A smooth, glossy synthetic fabric treated with wax to create its lustrous appearance. Used in outerwear.

Cisele Velvet A velvet fabric with both cut and uncut loops that create a design through contrast.

Cloque A heavyweight fabric made from woven cotton, silk, or rayon with a raised, puckered, or quilted texture.

Cluny Lace A heavyweight bobbin lace with geometric designs. Used in bridal trims.

Coburg A thin, single-twilled worsted fabric made from cotton or silk, spun from the longest staple fibers. No nap. Typically dyed or printed. Used in dresses and linings.

Coir A stiff, natural fiber extracted from coconut husks.

Combed Cotton A high-quality, high-thread-count cotton from which the shortest fibers are removed during manufacturing.

Cordura (Trademarked) A nylon fabric blended with cotton and other natural fibers for durability. Used in heavy-duty clothing and bags.

Corduroy A tough woven cotton fabric with vertical ribs formed by an extra set of weft yarns. Velvety to the touch. Used in children's clothing, pants, and outerwear.

Cottagora A blended fabric of Angora rabbit hair and organic cotton. Ecofriendly and extremely soft.

Cotton A natural cellulose fiber harvested from the cotton plant, spun into thread and woven or knitted into fabric. Absorbent, breathable, crease-prone, and static-resistant. One of the most widely used fabrics in apparel, quilts, and crafts.

Cotton-Backed Satin A blended fabric with a high-luster satin or rayon face and a cotton backing.

Coutil A strong, tightly woven herringbone cotton fabric. Smooth and durable. Used in linings, corsets, and structured garments.

Cowhide A thick, tough leather. Warm and heavy.

Crépe (Crepe de Chine) A fabric with a crimped or crinkled appearance made from cotton, silk, wool, or synthetic blends. Typically soft with a lustrous surface.

Crépe-Backed Satin A blended fabric with a satin face and a crisp crepe back. Used in dresses.

Crepe Jersey A knit fabric with a slight crepe texture and good drape. Lightweight and flowy. Used in dresses and blouses. (Added)

Crépon A silk or wool fabric heavier than crépe, with a wavy texture running lengthwise.

Cretonne An unglazed, heavyweight plain weave cotton. Used in upholstery.

Crimplene (Trademarked) A textured, continuous synthetic yarn fabric. Used in shirts and other apparel.

Crinoline A stiff fabric made from cotton, silk, linen, or synthetic fibers with an open weave. Used in petticoats and linings.

Cupro A recycled cotton fabric treated with copper, caustic soda, and ammonia to create a synthetic fiber. Looks like Tencel or rayon but breathes like cotton.

Cypress A lightweight, semitransparent gauze fabric made from cotton lawn or silk. Crepe-like in appearance.

D

Dacron (Trademarked) A polyester fabric derived from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Strong and resistant to stretching.

Damask A reversible fabric made from silk, cotton, wool, linen, viscose, or synthetic fibers. Characterized by elaborate floral and geometric patterns woven on a Jacquard loom.

Darlexx (Trademarked) A warp knit fabric laminated in a monolithic film. Used in sportswear and outerwear.

Dazzle A lightweight, soft polyester fabric with a slight sheen and moisture-absorbing properties. Used in sportswear.

Deerskin A soft, supple leather made from deer hide. Used in pants, skirts, and outerwear.

Delaine A plain weave wool fabric. Used in eveningwear.

Denim A strong, durable cotton fabric with a twill weave. Typically features blue warp threads and white weft threads. Used primarily in pants and casual clothing. Also known as "jean."

Dimity A lightweight cotton fabric woven with raised stripes or checks. Usually left undyed. Used in upholstery and apparel.

Doeskin A smooth woolen fabric with a leather-like appearance.

Domett A lightweight twill or plain weave cotton fabric. Stiff and durable, usually left undyed. Used in linings and upholstery.

Donegal A wool tweed fabric with colorful thick slubs woven in.

Dotted Swiss A semitransparent, crisp fabric with raised dot embossing.

Double-Brushed Poly (DBP) A double-knit polyester fabric that has been brushed on both sides for extra softness. Has a slight sheen and is widely used in garment sewing for leggings, tops, and dresses. (Added)

Double Cloth A woven fabric with two or more sets of warp and weft threads. Thick because it is essentially two fabrics woven or fused together.

Double Gauze A loosely woven, two-layer gauze fabric. Soft and breathable. Popular for baby clothing and summer garments. (Expanded)

Double Knit A knit fabric that looks the same from both sides.

Dowlas A coarse, plain linen cloth. Used in aprons and pants.

Down A filler and stuffing material made from the feathers of ducks, geese, and other birds. Excellent heat retention. Used in bedding.

Drill A durable cotton or linen fabric with a twill weave. Unlike denim, both the warp and weft threads are the same color. Used in pants and outerwear.

Drugget A coarse woolen fabric felted or woven together. Used in floor coverings.

Duchesse Satin A heavyweight satin weave fabric. Used in formalwear.

Duck A heavyweight, plain weave 100% cotton. Available in different weights.

Duffel A coarse, heavyweight wool fabric with nap on both sides. Used in outerwear and camping gear.

Dungaree A coarse calico or denim cotton fabric. Strong and used in utility clothing and pants.

Dupion (Douppioni) A textured silk fabric with fibers woven into the base. Lustrous sheen. Used in formalwear.

Duvetyne A soft, plush fabric resembling velvet with pile on one side.

E

Egyptian Cotton A soft, tightly woven cotton made from exceptionally strong, long fibers.

Elastane A stretchy synthetic fabric. Used in swimwear and activewear. Also known as Spandex or Lycra.

Eolienne A lightweight, lustrous fabric with a ribbed surface.

Epyngle A high-quality velvet woven on a wire loom with both loop pile and cut pile.

Escarlate A fine silk or wool fabric usually dyed scarlet.

Etamine A lightweight, loosely woven open-mesh fabric made from cotton or worsted. Used in summer clothing.

Eyelash A crisp, reversible, transparent voile fabric with clipped yarns on the surface. Used in shirts and costumes.

Eyelet A decorative fabric featuring evenly spaced, small cut openings.

F

Faille A soft, lightweight silk fabric with a plain weave, glossy finish, and wide ribs. Used in formalwear.

Faux Fur An acrylic fabric designed to resemble real fur.

Faux Leather (Pleather) A synthetic fabric that mimics the look and feel of genuine leather. Made from PU or PVC. Easier to care for than real leather and available in a wide range of colors and textures. Used in bags, jackets, and accessories. (Added)

Felt A dense, wool fabric fused together with heat. Does not fray or stretch.

Filet A decorative needle lace made by darning or embroidering on a diamond mesh.

Flannel A plain or twill weave fabric made from wool or cotton blends. Soft and available in various weights. Used in bedding, shirts, and linings.

Flannelette A soft, napped 100% cotton flannel fabric. Inexpensive, dyeable, and printable. Used in children's clothing.

Flax A linen fabric made from the flax plant.

Fleece A soft, durable synthetic polyester fabric. Thick, fuzzy, warm, breathable, quick drying, and easy to launder. Available in anti-pill and polar fleece varieties. Used in blankets and outerwear.

French Terry A knit fabric with loops on one side and a smooth surface on the other. Lightweight, breathable, and stretchy. Used in sweatshirts, hoodies, and loungewear. (Added)

Foulard A lightweight, twill woven silk or cotton blend. Used in scarves and trim.

Frieze A coarse, heavyweight cotton or wool fabric with a plain weave and napped surface. Used in outerwear.

Fusible Interfacing A non-woven or woven stabilizing fabric with a heat-activated adhesive on one side. Used to add structure and stability to garment pieces like collars, cuffs, and waistbands. (Added)

G

Gabardine A twill weave wool or synthetic fabric with diagonally running ribs on the right side and a flat back. Durable, waterproof, and used in suits and outerwear.

Galatea A strong, heavyweight cotton woven with a satin weave. Fades easily.

Gannex (Trademarked) A waterproof nylon fabric with an inner layer of wool that traps air between the layers. Used in outerwear.

Gauze A lightweight, loosely woven fabric made with a plain or leno weave. Semitransparent, absorbent, and antibacterial. Sometimes made from synthetic fibers. Frequently used in medical applications and summer apparel.

Gazar A plain woven silk or wool fabric with a crisp, smooth texture. Retains its shape well. Used in formalwear.

Georgette A lightweight, plain weave crepe fabric. Sheer but durable. Used in dresses and all sorts of apparel.

Ghalamkar A hand-painted or block-printed cotton fabric. One of the oldest Persian crafts.

Gingham A plain woven fabric with different colored threads in the warp and weft. Creates a checked or striped pattern. Used in dresses and all sorts of apparel.

Glitter A sparkly fabric made by laminating it with glitter flakes. Used in costumes and crafts.

Gore-Tex (Trademarked) A lightweight, waterproof fabric used in outerwear.

Gossamer A lightweight, sheer, gauze-like fabric. Used in formalwear.

Grosgrain A firm, heavyweight, plain weave fabric with rounded weft-wise ribs. Typically made from silk, sometimes wool. Used in linings and trim.

Grosgram A coarse, silk fabric mixed with wool or mohair and stiffened with gum.

Guanaco A soft, luxurious fiber extracted from the Guanaco animal.

H

Haircloth A woven cloth made from horsehair or camel hair. Used in upholstery.

Helanca A pique fabric made from nylon. Has a lot of stretch, making it comfortable to wear. Used in swimwear and dancewear.

Hemp A natural fiber extracted from the cannabis plant. Ecofriendly, strong, lustrous, and lightweight. Used in t-shirts, bags, and all sorts of apparel.

Henrietta A fine, woolen fabric with a twill weave and a subtle diagonal pattern. Traditionally black. Used in apparel.

Hessian A woven fabric made from jute fibers. Also known as "Burlap." Used in nets, ropes, and sacks.

Himalaya A ribbed fabric made from bamboo. Ecofriendly and durable.

Hodden A coarse, woolen cloth.

Holland A simple, plain weave cotton or linen with a dull finish. Used in upholstery.

Hopsack A coarse, loosely woven fabric made from cotton and wool. Durable and used in apparel.

Horsehair A natural fiber extracted from the tail of a horse, woven with a cotton or polyester warp. Adds stiffness. Used in outerwear and upholstery.

Huarizo A natural fiber extracted from the hair of a Huarizo animal. Coarse with a natural crimp. Warm, breathable, and elastic. Used in apparel, particularly knitwear.

I

Illusion A fine, nylon net fabric similar to tulle, but with a hexagonal pattern.

Interlock Knit A double-knit fabric with a smooth surface on both sides. Heavier and more stable than jersey. Does not curl at the edges. Used in t-shirts, dresses, and children's clothing. (Expanded)

Iridescent A lightweight taffeta with a luminous quality that appears to change color depending on the angle of light.

J

Jacquard A decorative fabric with an intricately woven pattern created on a Jacquard loom.

Jaspe A soft, denim-like fabric that is heathered or brushed, made with two threads of different colors. Used in apparel.

Jersey Knit A single knit fabric made from cotton, silk, wool, or synthetic blends. Soft, stretchy, and lightweight. Curls at the edges when cut. Used in t-shirts, dresses, and casual apparel.

Joconet A sheer, plain-weave cotton fabric.

Jute A natural fiber extracted from the jute plant. Soft, shiny, ecofriendly, and durable. Used in rugs, home décor, and upholstery.

K

Karakul A wool fiber extracted from a Central Asian sheep. Has a curled, glossy appearance but is wiry and coarse.

Kasha (Trademarked) A blend of wool and goat hair. Soft and fuzzy.

Kersey A coarse, heavyweight twill created from thick wool. No longer in production.

Kerseymere A fine woolen cloth with a twill weave.

Khaddar A homespun cotton cloth.

Khaki A rugged, tan-colored fabric made from cotton, linen, wool, or synthetic blends. The weave is typically twill. Used in pants.

Kidskin A soft leather made from the hide of a young goat.

Kincob A fine silk fabric embroidered with silver or gold threads.

Knit A fabric made from a series of interlocking loops to provide stretch. Can be made from cotton, wool, silk, or a variety of synthetic fibers.

L

Lace An open work fabric made by embroidering natural or synthetic fibers onto mesh in intricate patterns. Delicate and sometimes features beads and sequins. Used in trim, lingerie, and fine apparel.

Lambswool A natural fiber extracted from the wool of a lamb up to eight months old. Typically short, soft, slippery, and elastic.

Lamé A fabric that incorporates metallic threads. Used in eveningwear and costumes.

Lampas A lustrous fabric made with taffeta in the weft and adorned with silver or gold threads.

Lasting A dense, durable fabric made from twisting cotton or worsted. Used in lots of apparel.

Latex A type of rubber with water-repellant properties and extreme stretch. Used in bodysuits and medical applications.

Lawn A crisp, lightweight cotton or linen fabric. Used in all sorts of apparel.

Leather A fabric created from the hide of an animal.

Leatherette A synthetic fabric made to look like leather.

Linen A lightweight, natural fabric made from the flax plant. Lightweight, soft, and versatile. Breathable and naturally antimicrobial. Tends to wrinkle. Used in summer apparel, home textiles, and more.

Lisle A hard-twisted fabric with a smooth, lustrous surface. Used in hosiery and underwear.

Liverpool Knit A medium-weight, structured knit fabric with a slight texture and good body. Holds its shape well and does not stretch excessively. Popular for dresses, skirts, and blazers. (Added)

Llama Long, coarse wool obtained from llamas in South America. Lightweight, warm, and lustrous.

Loden A heavyweight, napped fabric made from the wool of the Tyrolean mountain sheep. Water resistant and used mainly in outerwear.

Longcloth A bleached cotton fabric with a plain weave and soft finish. Used in underwear and children's clothing.

Lycra (Trademarked) A highly elastic, synthetic fabric resistant to heat. Comfortable and used in swimwear and dancewear. Also known as Spandex or Elastane.

Lyocell A rayon fabric made from dissolved wood pulp. Strong, soft, absorbent, and wrinkle resistant. Used in denim and lots of apparel.

M

Mackinaw A twill or double cloth wool napped on both sides to conceal the weave. Heavy, water repellant, and used in outerwear.

Macramé A coarse lacework made by knotting strong cords or yarn together in a decorative pattern.

Madapolam A soft cotton fabric made from fine yarns in a linen weave.

Madras A lightweight, woven fabric made from cotton, silk, viscose, or synthetic blends. Used for all types of apparel.

Marcella A stiff, cotton fabric made using a marcella weave with raised, parallel ribs similar to twill but more crisp.

Marquisette A lightweight, silk fabric made using a leno weave. Looks like netting and used in bridalwear and formalwear.

Marvello A heavyweight, high-luster pile fabric.

Matelassé A woven fabric with a blistered surface. Used for dresses and lots of other apparel.

Melton A thick, dense cotton or synthetic blend fabric with a slight nap. Durable and resembles felt. Used in outerwear and uniforms.

Merino A high-quality wool obtained from purebred Merino sheep. Strong, stretchy, fine, and soft like cashmere.

Mesh A net-like fabric with an open weave. Breathable and lightweight. Used in summer clothing and embroidery crafts.

Microfiber A synthetic, polyester fabric that is soft, stretchy, and stain resistant. Used for cleaning materials and activewear.

Milliskin A lightweight fabric made from a nylon/spandex blend. Thin and stretchy. Used in dancewear.

Minky (Minkee) A super soft, plush polyester fabric with a very short pile. Available in smooth and textured varieties. Popular for baby blankets, stuffed animals, and cozy garments. Requires special handling when sewing. (Added)

Mink The pelt of a small animal with soft fur. Used in outerwear and accessories.

Misit A natural fiber obtained from the alpaca animal. Soft, fine, durable, silky, and lustrous.

Mockado A synthetic blend, pile fabric made to imitate silk velvet.

Modal A durable, rayon fabric made from the fibers of the Beech tree. Soft, lustrous, and holds its shape well.

Mohair Natural fibers obtained from the Angora goat. Used in outerwear.

Moleskin A heavyweight cotton with a brushed surface. Durable and used in sportswear.

Monks Cloth A rough, heavyweight fabric made using a basket weave. Used in upholstery and embroidery crafts.

Moquette A woven pile fabric with cut or uncut threads.

Moreen A heavyweight, ribbed fabric made from wool and sometimes a cotton blend with a rippled moiré finish.

Mousseline A lightweight, plain-weave silk fabric that is crisp and sheer. Similar to chiffon. Sometimes made of polyester.

Mudcloth A handmade cotton fabric dyed with fermented mud by Malian people.

Mull A sheer muslin fabric with a plain, open weave. Soft, typically white. Used in trim and linings.

Muslin A lightweight, open-weave fabric made from cotton. Typically undyed and inexpensive. Used in summer apparel and sewing mockups.

N

Nainsook A lightweight, cotton fabric similar to lawn with a plain weave. Soft, fine, and has a lower thread count. Used in nightwear.

Nankeen A rare, cotton fabric with a natural yellow color. Sturdy and used in pants.

Needlecord A tough, corduroy fabric made from cotton with a cut pile that forms lengthwise ribs. Used in pants and outerwear.

Neoprene (Trademarked) An extremely durable, synthetic rubber. Lightweight, buoyant, and resistant to heat. Also used as a fashion fabric for structured jackets, skirts, and dresses. (Expanded)

Net An open-mesh fabric with a grid-like pattern. Used in embroidery crafts and dancewear.

Ninon A sheer, silky fabric made from rayon, silk, or nylon. Fine and strong.

Nylon (Trademarked) A lightweight, synthetic fiber that is strong and flexible. Resists stains and is often added to natural fiber blends.

Nytril (Trademarked) A synthetic fiber with a low melting point.

O

Oilcloth A fabric treated on one side with oil or synthetic resin.

Olefin (Trademarked) A lightweight, synthetic polypropylene. Strong, colorfast, and resistant to staining.

Organdy A lightweight, sheer fabric made from cotton muslin with a plain weave. Yarns are combed and treated to make the fabric stiff and crisp. Wrinkles easily. Used in summer clothing.

Organic Cotton A cotton fiber grown without the use of artificial pesticides or insecticides.

Organza A lightweight, plain-weave fabric made from polyester, rayon, silk, or nylon. Crisp and sheer with a high thread count.

Orleans A lightweight, elastic fabric that is rough to the touch. Inexpensive and similar to poplin.

Osnaburg A coarse fabric made from 100% flax.

Ottoman A ribbed silk or cotton. Used in formalwear.

Oxford A strong, soft, cotton cloth made using a basket weave. Used in outerwear.

P

Paduasoy A heavyweight, corded or embossed silk fabric.

Panne A rayon or silk velvet with one-directional pile.

Paramatta A lightweight, twill-weave fabric made with a silk warp and a cotton weft.

Peau de Soie A heavy satin that is smooth, slightly corded, and has a semi-dull appearance.

Pebble Crepe A medium-weight crepe fabric with a pebbly, textured surface. Good drape and body. Used in dresses, blouses, and trousers. (Added)

Percale A medium-weight, plain-weave fabric with a glossy finish and high thread count. Used primarily in bedding.

Percaline A lightweight, cotton fabric that is glazed or woven with mercerized yarns. Usually dyed bright colors. Good drape and used in dresses.

Petersham A durable, ribbed fabric with heavy weft threads and light warp threads. Used in pants, skirts, and trim.

Pima Cloth A high-end cotton with longer fibers than traditional cotton. Resists pilling.

Pina A natural fiber obtained from the pineapple leaf. Lightweight, soft, and delicate.

Piqué A strong, medium-weight fabric with rounded ribs woven in diamond, stripe, honeycomb, or waffle patterns. Typically made from cotton, sometimes silk or synthetic fibers. Used for all sorts of apparel.

Plisse A lightweight fabric with a puckered finish created by treating with caustic soda.

Point D'esprit A mesh bobbinet fabric with scattered woven dots. Sometimes called "Spotted Tulle."

Poiret A soft, medium-weight fabric in a twill weave.

Polo Cloth A soft fabric with a heavy pile.

Polyamide A synthetic fiber used to create nylon. Elastic, waterproof, and resistant to high temperatures.

Polyester A popular man-made fabric with low absorbency. Used in all sorts of apparel.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) A thermoplastic fiber used in backing polyester. Also called "Vinyl."

Pongee A medium-weight silk with a rough, woven surface.

Ponte Knit A stable, medium-weight double knit fabric that holds its shape well and has minimal stretch. Smooth on both sides. Used in tailored garments, blazers, skirts, and dresses. (Added)

Poplin A strong and absorbent cotton or silk fabric woven with a rib weave. Strong, breathable, and soft. Used for shirts and dresses.

Power Mesh A nylon fabric with two-way stretch. Used in compression garments.

Q

Quiviut A natural fiber obtained from the Arctic Musk Ox. Softer than cashmere and does not shrink. Used in hats, scarves, and outerwear.

R

Raffia A fiber obtained from a palm tree. Straw-like and used in upholstery and baskets.

Rajah A thick, rough fabric made from silk or rayon. Used in pressing cloth.

Rakematiz A thick silk embroidered with strands of gold. Rare and valuable.

Ratinè A loosely woven, plain-weave fabric made from fancy yarns with a nubby surface.

Rayon A silk-like fabric made from wood pulp. Also called "Viscose." Comfortable and absorbs moisture. Used in bedding and all sorts of apparel.

Repp A heavyweight, plain-weave, blended fabric with a prominent weft. Used in dresses and suits.

Rib Knit A knit fabric with alternating columns of knit and purl stitches creating vertical ribs. Highly stretchy in the crosswise direction. Used for neckbands, cuffs, waistbands, and form-fitting garments. (Added)

Ric Rac A flat, narrow braid woven in a rounded zigzag pattern. Used in trim.

Rinzu A lightweight silk made with two different types of silk thread. Used in dresses.

Romal A plain-weave silk used in handkerchiefs.

Romaine A heavyweight, transparent crepe fabric. Used in drapery.

Russel A corded fabric made by weaving two warp ends together. Typically 60% wool and 40% cotton. Crease and wrinkle resistant. Holds its shape well.

Russet A coarse, wool fabric dyed with woad and madder.

S

Sacking A heavyweight, unbleached fabric made from cotton, hemp, jute, or flax. Rough and scratchy.

Sagathy A lightweight, finely twilled fabric made from a blend of silk and cotton or wool. Used in drapery and apparel.

Sailcloth A heavyweight, tightly woven fabric similar to canvas. Made from cotton, linen, jute, viscose, and other blends. Used mostly in sails.

Samite A heavyweight silk with a twill weave. Lustrous with gold or silver threads.

Sateen A tightly woven, satin-like fabric made from cotton. Smooth and shiny because the weft threads float over several warp threads at a time.

Satin A shiny, lustrous fabric woven with a satin weave. Shiny on one side and matte on the other.

Scrim A lightweight, gauze fabric made from cotton or flax. Translucent and used in drapery and apparel.

Scuba Knit A thick, smooth double knit fabric made from polyester and spandex. Has a neoprene-like feel. Holds its shape well and is used in structured dresses, skirts, and jackets. (Added)

Seativa A fiber obtained from seaweed, often blended with other fibers for its hydrophilic, non-static, and thermal properties. Used in sleepwear and sportswear.

Seersucker A textured, plain-weave fabric with contrasting strips of smooth and puckered fabric. Made from cotton, linen, silk, or viscose blends. Used in suits, dresses, and lots of apparel.

Serge A durable, twill-weave fabric with visible diagonal ribs on both sides. Made from a blend of fabrics. Used in sportswear and outerwear.

Shantung A coarse fabric with irregular thickness spun from silk fibers.

Sharkskin A smooth, worsted twill fabric that is long lasting and retains heat. Used in suiting.

Silesia A sturdy, twill-weave cotton that is coarse. Used for linings and to cover buttons.

Silk A natural, protein filament fiber obtained from silkworms.

Silkaline A thin, silk-like fabric made with a plain weave. Soft, sheer, and has a nice drape.

Slub A fabric made from yarn that has lumps and nubs. Used in table linens and drapes.

Snakeskin A fiber obtained from the skin of a snake.

Softshell A multi-layer synthetic fabric that is stretchy, wind resistant, and water resistant. More breathable than hardshell fabrics. Used in outerwear and activewear. (Added)

Soufflé A lightweight, warp-knit fabric that is soft, sheer, and breathable. Used in dancewear and costumes.

Soy A fiber obtained from the leftover dregs of soybean oil or tofu. Ecofriendly and similar to silk.

Spandex A lightweight, synthetic fiber made from polyurethane. Strong, elastic, and nonabsorbent. Used in sportswear, swimwear, and lots of apparel.

Spannette A rubber/latex fabric with lots of stretch and thousands of air holes. Comfortable and breathable.

Stockinette A seamless, tubular knit fabric that has a lot of stretch. Made from 100% polyester.

Suede A type of leather with a napped, velvety finish. Used in shoes, bags, gloves, and upholstery.

Sulfar A durable, synthetic fiber resistant to heat and acids. Used in protective wear.

Surah A lustrous, twill-weave fabric made from silk or rayon. Soft, fine, and used in linings, dresses, and suits.

Sweatshirt Fleece A medium-weight knit fabric with a smooth surface on the outside and a soft, looped interior. Used in sweatshirts, hoodies, and casual garments. (Added)

SympaTex (Trademarked) A synthetic laminate fabric. Ecofriendly and highly breathable. Used in sportswear, linings, and outerwear.

T

Tactel (Trademarked) A lightweight, nylon fabric that is soft and quick drying.

Taffeta A plain-weave, silk fabric that is smooth, crisp, and holds its shape well. Used in lingerie and women's clothing.

Tapestry A tight-weave, jacquard fabric made by hand. Used in upholstery and drapes.

Tarlatan A gauze-like, coarse fabric that is sheer with an open plain weave. Used in dresses and hats.

Tartan A plaid fabric with vertical and horizontal shapes that create trademarked patterns.

Taslan (Trademarked) A strong, synthetic fabric similar to cotton. Stain resistant and durable. Used in sportswear and outerwear.

Tattersall A checked or plaid fabric, typically with alternating colors of stripes in the warp and weft.

Tencel (Trademarked) A synthetic fabric made from wood pulp and recyclable solvents. The brand name of lyocell. Soft, breathable, wrinkle resistant, and durable.

Terrycloth A soft, absorbent fabric with a nap created by slack tension weaving. Used in toweling and robes.

Themastat A synthetic fiber with a hollow core. Warm and wicks away moisture.

Ticking A strong, twill-weave fabric made from cotton or a cotton and linen blend. Usually has narrow stripes of color woven in. Used for bedding and apparel.

Triacetate A synthetic fiber made from acetylated cellulose. Wrinkle resistant, shrink resistant, and holds pleats well. Used in dresses and all sorts of apparel.

Tricot A strong, knitted fabric with fine, lengthwise ribs. Resistant to fraying and drapes well. Used in underwear and sweaters.

Tricotine A soft, twill-weave fabric with a flat, diagonal double rib. Typically has a cotton warp and a worsted weft. Used in outerwear, dresses, and suits.

Tulle A fine, soft net fabric made from silk or synthetic blends. Used in dancewear and veils.

Tussah A strong, coarse silk with a dull luster and rough texture with many slubs. Used in dresses and outerwear.

Tweed A durable, twill-weave fabric made from wool or mixed with other fiber blends. Typically has a flecked appearance from two different colored threads. Used in outerwear.

Tycora (Trademarked) A synthetic fabric made from nylon and polyester fibers.

U

Ultrasuede A synthetic, microfiber alternative to suede. Sometimes called "Faux Suede." Used in shoes, dresses, and upholstery.

Urena A rare, natural fiber obtained from the Urena Lobata plant. Durable, flexible, and lustrous. Used in rope, carpet backing, and twine.

V

Velour A soft, plush fabric with a short, dense pile on one side. Made from cotton or synthetic fibers.

Velvet A soft, woven fabric made from acetate, nylon, silk, or rayon with a pile of cut or uncut loops.

Velveteen A fabric similar to velvet but made from cotton.

Venetian Lace A needle lace stitched into a dissolvable fabric that is removed to create a raised embroidery pattern. Used in trim.

Vinyl A shiny, plastic fabric backed with polyester or flannel.

Vinyon A synthetic PVC fiber with flame-resistant properties. Used in carpet and drapery.

Viscose The European name for rayon. Soft and used in lots of apparel.

Viyella A soft, durable twill fabric made from Merino Wool and cotton. Used in dresses and children's clothing.

Voile A lightweight, 100% cotton fabric that is sheer and good for draping. Used in upholstery and outerwear.

W

Waffle Knit A knit fabric with a distinctive raised square texture that resembles a waffle grid. Highly absorbent and textured. Used in robes, thermal underwear, and casual tops. (Added)

Whipcord A durable, cotton or worsted fabric made from bulky, hard-twisted yarns in a twill weave. Used in suiting and sportswear.

Wigan A plain-weave, cotton fabric that is stiff. Used in linings to provide weight, texture, and shape.

Wincey A plain-weave or twill-weave fabric made from a cotton warp and a wool weft. Warm and looks like flannel. Used in shirts and nightwear.

Winceyette (Trademarked) A soft, plain-weave cotton fabric with a slightly woolly finish. Used in bedding, shirts, and children's clothing.

Wool A natural fiber obtained from the fleece of sheep, goat, alpaca, or llama. Can be knit or woven.

Woolsey A coarse, roughly woven fabric made from a cotton or linen warp and a wool weft. Sometimes called "Woolsey-Linsey." Used in blankets and apparel.

Worsted A smooth, lustrous fabric made from staple wool fibers that are heavily combed and carded. Used in suiting.

X

X-Static Silver A silver fiber bonded to the surface of a fabric. Has anti-odor and antibacterial properties.

Z

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Zephyr A lightweight, plain-weave cotton fabric that is thin and airy. Used in dresses and shirts.

Zibeline A thick, wool fabric made with a satin weave. Soft with a brushed nap. Used in outerwear.

Zorb (Trademarked) A thick, super absorbent fabric that can hold up to 10 times its weight in liquid.